Metal Complexes of Quinoxaline Derivatives: Review (Part-I)

The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview about the synthesis, characterization techniques involved and various physico-chemical properties of quinoxaline derivative metal complexes reported upto 2006 by several researchers. The synthesis of variety of metal complexes such as mono, bi and trimetallic complexes, homo bimetallic complexes, polynuclear, mixed metal and mixed ligand complexes of quinoxaline derivatives were reported by various authors. Several techniques like flash photolysis, photochemical irradiation, pulse radiolysis, hydrothermal synthesis were used in addition to the routine methods employed in the synthesis of metal complexes. The structure of the complexes was arrived mainly based on elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic, spectral and single crystal XRD data. The spectral studies include IR, Far IR, UV, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 31 P NMR, Mass, ESR, 57 Fe Mossbauer, resonance Raman spectra, photo electron spectroscopy, etc. Semi empirical computational calculations, stability constant studies, gravimetric determinations of the metal complexes and thermal studies were also involved. Excited state properties like emission, photochemical properties, excited state life time measurements, luminescent studies were also asertained. Electrochemical studies using Oster young, square wave and cyclic voltammetry, DNA binding (by thermal denaturation, electronic absorption and viscometry method), DNA cleavage, Powder XRD, etc was also done by many authors.